IntroductionAnimals have been used for pharmaceutical testing throughout history. The early BC Greeks were the first to use live animals to test experiments and different medicines. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animal_testing) Animal testing has brought many positive results for human life, but remains a controversial issue. Some people believe that animal testing is unnecessary and that alternatives should be considered. Others believe that animal testing is essential to determine whether certain drugs are harmful to humans. BiologyAnimal testing involves testing pharmaceutical drugs on animals to determine their effectiveness and side effects. This is usually done by inhaling, inserting or placing the medication on the animal's skin. Two regular tests performed are the LD50 test and the Draize test. LD50 is a common animal test that represents the lethal dose (LD) that will kill 50 percent of the animals tested within a certain amount of time. This is the test substance usually placed into the animal's mouth via a tube. The animals are observed over a series of days to determine what dose of substance. The LD50 is most commonly tested on rats and mice and is used to test drugs, agricultural chemicals, cleaners and some cosmetics. (www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/ld50.html#_1_1)The Draize test is an eye or skin irritation test usually performed on rabbits to determine if the pharmaceutical product is safe by placing a substance on the skin or the eyes. The rabbits are seized with restraints and their eyes are left open so that they are unable to blink and eliminate the chemical. The effects of the pharmaceutical product are observed over the next few days to see if irritation or reactions occur. (Vicki Katrinak,...... middle of article....../1/2- Author unknown, 2010, 'The Scientific Argument Against Animal Testing', accessed May 17, 2010, www.whitecoatwelfare. org/aat-text.shtml).- Author unknown, 2010, 'How laboratory animals are used', accessed May 20 - Cook, Kristen, 2006, 'Pro-Test: support animal testing', accessed on May 17, 2010, http://www.spiked-online.com/articles/0000000CAF94.htm - Katrinak, Vicki, 2007, 'Rabbits used in product testing', accessed May 19, 2010 < www.aavs.org/ testingTypesBlinded.html>- Parent, Jason, 2010, “Are animal testing necessary in scientific research? » viewed- Singh, Sonu, 2009, “Is there a substitute for animal testing? seen on May 26 2010,