Gabriela DelgadoMED 2056Diabetes MellitusInstructor Michela LeythamApril 1, 20141. Discuss the pathophysiology of DMD type 1 and type 2Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in which patients who are affected will require behavioral and lifestyle changes throughout their life. . In the United States, MD is a leading cause of blindness, end-stage renal disease with dialysis or kidney transplantation, and lower extremity amputations. It is characterized by hyperglycemia or high blood sugar leading to a lack of insulin. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the absolute absence of insulin where the pancreas no longer produces insulin. Insulin injections are mandatory in this case. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by either impaired insulin production, inappropriate hepatic glucose production, or peripheral insulin receptor insensitivity. In other words, either insulin is retained or very little insulin is produced.2. Identify and compare type 1 (IDDM) and type 2 (NIDDM) risk factors Type 1: This is an autoimmune disease in which no insulin is produced, affecting only 5-10% of people with diabetes and is more common in white people with typical diabetes. onset before the age of 30. There aren't many risk factors for type 1 diabetes, but some are known, including family history, genetics and geography. Other possible factors are viral exposure or viral infections, early consumption of vitamin D (cow's milk), and other dietary factors such as drinking water containing nitrates may also increase the risk. Type 2: is the most common form of diabetes affecting those aged 90-95. % of 21 million people have diabetes and is more common among African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. People who are at higher risk of getting this type of diabetes...... middle of paper ......use blood sugar levels to lower and cause hypoglycemia. Preventative measures should include supplemental carbohydrates for up to 24 hours after exercise. Surgery is a physical and emotional stressor that can put a diabetic patient at higher risk for complications. The goal is to maintain glucose levels between 120 and 200 mg/dl during surgery. Reference listMahler, RJ; Adler, M. L. (1998). The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: update on diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment. Volume 88, number 4, pages 3082-3089. Retrieved from http://press.endocrine.org/doi/citedby/10.1210/jcem.84.4.5612Medline Plus. (2013). Diabetes medications. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetesmedicines.htmlMedicineNet.com. (2012). Diabetes mellitus. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.html