Schwartz, Dudgeon, Sheeber, Yap, Simmons, and Allen (2012) examined the relationship between parenting behaviors during child-parent collaborations and subsequent development of internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression. This study examined the impact of positive and negative parental behaviors on the development of anxiety and depression symptoms occurring specifically during adolescence (Schwartz et al., 2012). Schwartz et al. (2012) defined positive parenting behaviors as “behaviors that convey acceptance, affection, or happiness” (p. 59), and negative parenting behaviors as “behaviors that convey aggression or aggression” (p. 59). dysphoria” (p. 59). Elaborating on the definition of negative emotional expressions, Schwartz et al. (2012) differentiate between submissive (unhappy) and dominant (fighting) expressions because they are conveyed differently and; therefore, could predict distinctive symptomatology. It is critical to better understand the development of these symptoms during adolescence, as high levels of internalizing symptoms over time have been shown to significantly increase the risk of developing depressive and anxiety disorders (Klein, Shankman, Lewinsohn, and Seeley, 2009; Pine, Cohen, Cohen, & Brook, 1999). Aggression is thought to induce fear and compliance in others (Keltner & Kring, 1998). Therefore, prolonged exposure to parental aggression may produce symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in adolescence (Rodriguez, 2003). Furthermore, exposure to dysphoric emotions on the part of the parent can produce these same symptoms in adolescence through learning and modeling (Campos, Mumme, Kermoian, & Campos, 1994). In contrast, submissive emotions convey encouragement and comfort from others (Keltner and Kring...... middle of article ......eon, P., Sheeber, LB, Yap, MBH, Simmons, JG, & Allen, NB (2012). Parenting behaviors during family interactions predict changes in depression and anxiety symptoms during adolescence. Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(1), 59. -71., B., Leve, C., Hops, H. and Tildesley, E. (2007). 154. .Sheeber, L. and Sorensen, E. (1998). Family relationships of depressed adolescents: a multimethod assessment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 268-277. (1996). Anxiety in children: perceived family environments and observed family interaction.., 25, 225-237.