Usually, the middle class spends about 90 minutes a day on literacy. However, testing is done at the beginning of the school year and when literacy scores are below normal, the 90 minutes per day is replaced with 120 minutes per day to help close the literacy gap. Ms. D also explained that a child's knowledge of literacy can help them in the long run. Usually, children who have had their parents read to them or who have attended preschool can really help a beginning reader. Usually, children who have little or no literacy experience before school may have more difficulty in the classroom, not just reading and writing. One of the many pieces of advice Mrs. D gave me was to show your students a love and passion for reading and writing. This is a very useful motivational tool to have when teaching. Additionally, having students choose their own reading materials helps them stay engaged in literacy because