Introduction to Spherical Coordinate System: Spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system. Spherical coordinates used for three-dimensional space where the location of a point is mentioned by three numbers. The radial distance of this point from a permanent origin, its trend angle calculated from a permanent upper direction. Another name for radial distance is radius or radial coordinate. Spherical diffusion coordinates: Spherical diffusion coordinates: The spherical coordinate system is similar to a sphere. The sphere area formula is used to calculate the area of ​​the spherical coordinate system. In the spherical coordinate structure, the point is indicated by its distance from the origin and two angles. These two angles are called azimuth and inclination. Spherical rotation is based on the concept of axis of rotation.x2 + y2 + z2 = c2 this equation represents the shape of the sphere. When we replace r=c which represents the spherical diffusion coordinates. The following formula is used to calculate the area of ​​the spherical coordinate system. Area = 4 π r2 square unitWhere - RadiusDerivation of spherical diffusion coordinates:Derivation of spherical diffusion coordinates: To obtain the connection between Cartesian and spherical diffusion coordinates. The coordinates on these images are x, y and z. The rx, ry and r are lines. The projection of r is denoted r. The symbol and is called azimuth and inclination respectively. rz = r cosΘThe dotted line on the xy plane is the peak of r on the xy plane. Let us denote rxy and its length isrxy = r sinΘThe angle between the x axis and rxy is φ. The peak of rxy on the x axis is rx which can be written asrx = rxy cos φ = r sinΘ cosφSimilarly, ry = rxy sinφ = r sinΘ sinφWe can represent the spherical diffusion coordinates asrx = r sinΘ cosφry = r sinΘ sinφrz = r cosΘWorks CitedIntroduction to standard deviation z scoreIn statistics, a standard score indicates how many standard deviations an observation or piece of data exceeds or falls below the mean. It is a dimensionless quantity resulting from subtracting the population mean, since it is a raw score that also separates the difference by the population standard deviation. Standard deviation is part of the z-score measurement. It allows clarifying association from different normal distributions, which is normally done in examine.z scoreStandard scores are also called z values, z scores, normal scores; we must use Z since the normal distribution is too well known while the Z distribution.