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  • Essay / Psychology Takes Root in the United States - 1420

    IntroductionBehaviorism began slowly in the United States in the early 20th century, but John B. Watson brought this new form of psychology to the forefront in the world of psychology. psychology (Greenwood, 2009). with its teaching on measurable things (Dewey, 2007). In the mid-20th century, American behaviorists wanted to explain and regulate behaviors and even create laws that could describe these behaviors (Dewey, 2007). Watson (1913) states that psychology, according to behaviorists, is an objective and experimental part of psychology. a science that requires little self-analysis similar to that of chemistry and physics. Watson further states that animal behavior can be explored without including consciousness. Logical Positivism/Scientific EmpiricismPositivism is the idea of ​​sticking only to things that are observed and experienced (Greenwood, 2009; Trochim, 2006). Those who believed in this positivist view rejected earlier forms of theoretical thinking that did not involve direct observation (Trochim, 2006). Positivists further believed that because emotions and thoughts cannot be directly observed, they were not valid areas for scientific inquiry. psychology (Trochim, 2006). The so-called Vienna Circle helped pave the way for logical positivism. The logical positivists took David Hume's claims about his observations and experience and expanded on them. They pursued the idea of ​​the verification principle which, in its most basic form, means things verified by observation (Greenwood, 2009). The behavioral movement was both preceded by and influenced the positivists. One such behaviorist who did a lot of work on pure conditioned behavior was B.F. Skinner. Skinner argued that the psyche...... middle of paper......Greenwood, J.D. (2009). A conceptual history of psychology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Hull, Clark L. (1935). The contradictory psychologies of learning -- A way out. Psychological Review, 42, 491-516. Laskley, K. S. (1930). Basic neural mechanisms of behavior. Psychological Review, 37, 1-24.Tolman, E.C. (1922). A new formula for behaviorism. Psychological Review, 29, 44-53. Trochim, WMK (2006). Positivism and post-positivism. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php Watson, A. (2012). Why is CBT such a popular talking therapy? Retrieved from http://essex-behavioral-therapy.co.uk/article.asp?aid=125&topic=why-is-cbt-such-a-popular-talk-therapy Weidman, N. (2012). Behaviorism – neobehaviorism (1930 – 1955). Retrieved from http://science.jrank.org/pages/8448/Behaviorism-Neobehaviorism-1930-1955.html