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  • Essay / The Social-Ecological Model and Its Five Components

    The United States of America was founded on the belief that everyone should be treated equally. Tremendous progress has been made in eliminating racism and inequality over the past two centuries. Although America has come a long way, more progress can be made and should not be stopped until racial and ethnic disparities are completely eradicated. A fundamental area in which significant disparities exist is the health sector. Evidence shows that medical care is not distributed equally among residents of the United States. The social-ecological model will be used to study existing gaps in the healthcare system in the United States. The socio-ecological model includes five elements. Inside is the individual, which refers to a person's knowledge, skills and attitudes. The next level outside of the individual is the interpersonal level, consisting of a person's family, friends, and social networks. After interpersonal relationships comes the organizational level, which constitutes the social institutions and organizations to which a person belongs. Outside of the organization is the community level, which refers to the relationships a person has between organizations. Finally, the outer layer of the ecological model is the societal level, which refers to public policies implemented at the national, state, and local levels (Warner, 2013, pp. 13-18). This article will address the difference in access to care between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White populations by examining the organizational, interpersonal, and societal levels of the ecological model. Diversity in care leads to a higher prevalence of certain health conditions like heart disease, stroke, cancer and many others. The term Hispanic is used to describe a person...... middle of paper ... but what is intriguing is how the percentages have changed over time. While both groups showed reduced rates for those who did not complete high school. The non-Hispanic white group was cut in half while the Hispanic group was reduced by only 3%. A person's education level may be correlated with their health, because many risk factors for health problems are behavioral. Each ethnic group has a rich history and culture that sets it apart from others. Diet is a dominant element of Hispanic culture, which may be relevant to examining health disparities at the interpersonal level of the ecological model. The famous Affordable Care Act is currently being implemented. The Affordable Care Act falls under the societal layer of the ecological model and will attempt to abolish the high percentage of uninsured civilians that currently exists..