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  • Essay / Alienation Theory: Marx and Nietzsche - 2372

    Marx's alienation theory is primarily concerned with social interaction and production; he believes that we are capable of overcoming our alienation through human emancipation. Marx's theory of alienation is the process by which socially organized productive powers are experienced as external or alien forces that dominate the humans who create them. He believes that production is an act of man on nature and on himself. Man's relationship with nature is his relationship with his tools, or means of production. Man's relationship with himself is fundamentally his relationship with others. Since production is a social concept for Marx, man's relations with other men are relations of production. Marx's theory of alienation specifically identifies the problems he observed within a capitalist society. He stressed that workers have lost their determination by losing the right to be sovereign over their own lives. In a capitalist society, workers, or proletariats, have no control over their production, their relationships with other producers, or the value or ownership of their production. Even though it identifies workers as autonomous and achievers, the Bourgeoisie dictates their goals and actions. Since the bourgeoisie is the private owner of the means of production, the workers' product accumulates surpluses solely in the interest of profit, or capital. Marx is unhappy with this system because he believes that the means of production should be owned by the community and that production should be social. Marx believes that under capitalism man is alienated in four different ways. First, he says that man, as producer, is alienated from the goods he produces, or from the object. Second, man is alienated from the activity of work where...... middle of paper ......ecture.Frank, Jason. “Political theory at the end of modernity: another political realism?” Introduction to Western political thought. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. May 4, 2012. Conference. Marx, Karl. “On the Jewish question. » First writings. Trans Rodney Livingstone and GregorBenton. London: Penguin Group, 1843. Print.Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. Trans. Samuel Moore. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Gay science. Trans. Joséfine Nauckhoff. Cambridge University Press, 1882. 118-121. Print.Nietzsche, Friedrich. Twilight of idols and the Antichrist. Trans. RJ Hollingdale. London: Penguin Group, 1888. 50-51. PrintNietzsche, Friedrich. On the genealogy of morality. Trans. Walter Kaufmann and RJ Holingdale.New York: Random House Inc. Vintage Books Ed., 1980. Print