There is not much literature available on the relationship between procrastination, self-efficacy, and personality, but there is abundant literature available on these topics individually.• According a study conducted by Steel (2007), University Students who found tasks intrinsically rewarding and tended to experience pleasure and satisfaction from completing them were more likely to maintain consistent progress. But if the task was perceived as difficult to the point of not doing it, the more likely they were to procrastinate. Even believing that something was important for the future or for one's own future did not make it intrinsically rewarding. lower levels of procrastination and lower levels of self-regulation self-efficacy than Canadian adolescents. They found that self-efficacy for self-regulation showed the strongest multivariate relationship with adolescent procrastination in both contexts, while the relationships between procrastination and motivation variables showed similar trends in Singapore and Canada. In a study by Wolters (2003), students reported that they procrastinated more when they considered their tasks to require a lot of effort or time, or when they were unsure of their abilities to accomplish them successfully. It is not surprising that self-efficacy and work avoidance are the strongest predictors of procrastination. A recent study by Arvey, Rotundo, Johnson, and McGue (2003) asked 118 identical twins and 93 fraternal twins raised in the same family to indicate the degree of procrastination. of which they were procrastinators. Intraclass correlations between item setting and ability were not significantly correlated with procrastination scores. A stepwise multiple regression of the facets of the Conscientiousness and Neuroticism factors indicated that lack of self-discipline and impulsivity explained most of the variance in procrastination scores. Implications for continued theory development and intervention are discussed. The anticipated influence of gender on procrastination is difficult to predict. Previous research on gender differences and the related concept of self-control has yielded mixed results (Feingold, 1994). Men may score higher, lower, or the same as women, depending on the measure. However, meta-analytic results show that girls perform better than boys in effortful control (Else-Quest, Hyde, Goldsmith, & Van Hulle, 2006). Overall, one would therefore expect procrastination to be weakly associated with men..