European American families who use physical discipline during the first five years of a child's life have found that these children exhibit higher negative external behaviors with their teachers and peers. peers. Mothers of European and African American children reported higher levels of negative external behaviors (Landsford, Deater-Deckand, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 2004). The research would conclude that the use of physical discipline with any cultural and ethnic background would have a negative impact on a person's external behaviors.