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  • Essay / A Look at Three Integrated Theories - 2402

    An integrated theory is a combination of 2 or 3 theories that offer many explanations for why crime occurs, compared to a traditional criminal theory that focuses only on a type of aspect (Lilly et al.2010). The goal of integrated theories is to help explain many aspects of the causes of criminal behavior and why one becomes delinquent. From this follows an argument that integrated theories can be used to explain all criminal behavior. Integrated theories are successful in explaining certain aspects of criminality about what drives a person to become deviant; However, a single theory alone cannot explain why an individual engages in crime. This article will examine three integrated theories and take an in-depth look at how these theories can explain different aspects of why criminal behavior occurs and the weakness of each theory. The three integrated theories that will be discussed in this article are Cloward and Ohlin's Differential Opportunity Theory, Robert Agnew's General Constraint Theory, and finally Travis Hirschi's Social Bonds Theory. Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory merged the ideas of Merton's constraint theory and Robert Merton's constraint theory. theory and the Chicago School on how criminal behavior is learned through cultural transmission (Lilly et al. 2010). The Chicago School was based on Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association and the Chicago School's research played an immense role in these two theorists understanding criminal behavior and developing their own theory. Robert Merton's Strain Theory focuses solely on the American Dream and the failure of economic success, particularly his research focused on the barriers of social structure for the lower class (Bernburg 2002). The differential opportunity focused on the middle. of paper......people commit crimes and are not limited to just one aspect like the original theory. For example, Merton's constraint theory examined only one aspect of the blocked opportunities that prevent economic success. Differential opportunity theory has helped to explain the different illegitimate means that push people to commit crimes, for example poverty and high concentrations of young people living in slums (Murphy and Robinson, 2009). Agnew's General Strain theory takes a micro approach to examining the different types of strain that cause people to commit crimes (Lilly et al. 2010). Although these theories explain some aspects of the causes of crime, they do not explain the sole reason why criminal behavior occurs or why a person commits different crimes. However, integrated theories are useful for understanding aspects of why people commit crimes and engage in deviant behavior...