Becker (1963) was one of the first to question the assumption that sociologists should focus on the causes of crime, as he believed that there are no universal causes to be discovered by sociologists, and insist on the idea that deviance is relative and defined by each society and each situation, for example nudity is perfectly acceptable at home, but perceived as deviant and criminal in a public place, it is the reaction of those around you that makes you realize that you are committing a deviant act. Sometimes it is also referred to as labeling theory, taking into account that self-identity can be socially constructed through interactions with the community. Negative stereotypes and social stigma can promote deviant behavior called a self-fulfilling prophecy. Lermert (1951) distinguished that if the self-concept has been humiliated after committing the deviant behavior (primary deviant act) and the deviant label is internalized, the person may return. to criminal activity (secondary deviant act) or joining a criminal group to escape a feeling of rejection. This reinforces the deviant self-concept because it becomes a more important part of their identity and more difficult to eliminate. This is called the deviant.