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Essay / wsn - 915
Wireless Sensor Network Architecture: Wireless sensor networks are continually leading to the development of smart environments that are the next step in homes, buildings, transportation, etc. Like any other sensory organism, smart environments also depend on sensory capabilities. data that needs to be captured in the real world. The sensors can be extroreceptors or proprioreceptors working in, on or around the desired subject. Such networks face various challenges, ranging from detecting the required quantities to monitoring and collecting data, then evaluating the data to formulate meaningful decisions and necessary alarm functions when needed. The complexity of wireless sensor networks continues to increase. Due to the plethora of resources and technologies available, it is even more difficult to select components and make the design more robust, more energy efficient and more user-friendly. Thus, the study of WSNs becomes more difficult because it includes enormous amounts of knowledge from all disciplines. So in this chapter, we will briefly look at the WSN architecture by describing different communication networks and protocols, various physical sensors, signal processing and decision making, and some home automation facts. Communication Networks and Protocols: A Communication network will consist of nodes capable of transmitting and receiving messages over communication lines that may be wired or wireless. The most commonly used network topologies are: mesh, star, ring, tree, etc. A single network can contain one or more interconnected topologies. Networks can also be classified based on their areas into LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) and WAN (...... middle of paper ......me a major cause of concern with the development of ad hoc networks. Currently, small MEMS sensors (microelectromechanical systems) are developed, which require very less power and consist of RF components such as capacitors, inductors, etc. They are manufactured in such a way that they use energies such as solar power and vibration to further reduce power consumption Passive tags do not require any on-board power source and very inexpensive RFID tags are used in applications such as. automobile toll collection. At the same time, energy management can also be carried out using software by programming. The distance between the source and the destination can be reduced and the signal can be optimized. placing repeaters as power consumption increases by the square of the difference in distance between source and destination..