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Essay / Parkinson's Disease - 1432
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is classified as a movement disorder with the presence of motor symptoms bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. The literature on the management of motor symptoms in PD focuses largely on medical treatment and highlights the vast advances made by pharmacotherapy over the past 40 years. Drug therapy has beneficial results in the treatment of motor symptoms; however, extensive research also reveals that there is an attenuation effect as well as the potential for motor and non-motor side effects. As pharmacological research continues its search for the ideal medical treatment model, awareness of psychosocial symptoms and the potential burden on caregivers has also received much attention in recent decades. The growing interest in the psychosocial characteristics of the disease seems to come from the evolution of scientific knowledge about the disease and the lack of a cure. In addition to the sequelae of PD, non-motor difficulties are sometimes unrelated to the common progression of PD and dopamine deficiency. The clinical diagnosis of PD is often confounded by the psychosocial domain of the patient's daily functioning and its impact on patient care and treatment. This article summarizes the literature on PD from a psychosocial perspective. The first chapter reviews the intrinsic psychosocial symptoms of PD and how they may or may not be influenced by dopamine neurotransmitters. The second chapter examines the side effects of three medications commonly prescribed to treat PD. The final chapter focuses on the implications of the disease on the personal well-being of the caregiver.Introduction: Parkinson's disease...... middle of article...... cognitive, dementia, levodopa, inhibitors of MAO-B, dopamine agonist + side/adverse effects and caregiver/burden/distress. All searches were limited to the English language and the years 2000 to 2010. I also made reference to the reference lists found in articles deemed relevant to the research project. A few journals fell outside the bounds of the annual restriction, but were included because they broadened the scope of this article. The abstracts were reviewed and deemed relevant for inclusion in this literature search due to their focus and relevance to the topics discussed in this article. My initial search yielded over 1,000 results from the various literature databases for this article, of which 61 were included in this review. Those that were excluded were duplicate results found in the different databases or focused on an unrelated topic after an abstract review..