She argues that "...discipline restrained such behavior and legitimized and stabilized imperial power" and that emperors and senior military officials also benefited because they “...acquired prestige by imposing discipline…” (Phang i). Phang directly references the consul Scipio of 134 BC and his use of discipline to redress Spain's numerous defeats. She agrees with CE Brand that politics transformed the military into a power, arguing that without leaders imposing discipline and reward, soldiers would not have won as many battles as they did. have won. She clarifies that discipline was not just a punishment, but rather intended to make soldiers more obedient and more loyal to their cause and goal. She argues that soldiers' discipline reflected the power of the state they represented and, like Brand, argues that the army was influenced by the state and therefore should represent the state.