When it comes to ontology and metaphysics, the question has always been whether the nature of reality is fundamentally material or phenomenal, or whether mental states emerge or not from material causes. thus making them causally inert in themselves or whether or not material things are subsets of an underlying phenomenal realm where this gave rise to two branches of philosophy – materialism and non-materialism. Materialism was adopted as an ontologically privileged philosophy to exhaustively describe everything that pertains to Western philosophy based on an axiom put forward by the Stoics; everything that exists is material where there is nothing immaterial. Western science takes this axiom, and its implicit assumptions, for granted, but the idea now is that there is nothing that is not physical. This subtlety is called physicalism; however, the underlying premise is an inductive argument meaning that it can be refuted via counterexamples to the axioms that define what it means for something to be material. Thus, to prove non-materialism, one must offer empirical counterexamples. examples where parapsychology provides empirical counterexamples that support anti-materialism. Physicalism assumes that there is nothing that is not physical where everything that exists is physical; However, how do we define what it means for something to be physical? Intuitively, when we think of the word physical, we think of material and concrete things, but there are immaterial but physical things like voids and fields. Physical things which involve both material objects, such as matter and energy, and immaterial objects, such as...... middle of paper...... in parapsychology where this provides an empirical case in favor of non-materialism and a counterexample to physicalism. In the same way that physicalism says that everything that exists is a subset of a physical realm, the non-spatiotemporal nature of precognition and other psychic phenomena would imply that the physical world is actually a subset. set of a physical domain. -physical domain where entities in this domain have causal properties where things. While physicalism is taken for granted in Western science and philosophy where non-materialism is often considered not to be true and people not educated in science agree with it, it is an inductive case where the Inductive cases can be argued by showing counterexamples. Parapsychology provides a significant amount of empirical counterexamples to physicalism.