Bouwsma questions Descartes' support and thought process regarding an evil demon deceiving us and comes to the conclusion that Descartes' explanation is confusing, thus Bouwsma creates a situation to prove his point of view. The first scenario is one of illusion and deception, but which can possibly be considered an illusion. He takes the example of flowers in a vase which are then proven to be made of paper, which makes him discover that everything is made of paper, from a distance it was an illusion. The fictional character used may have experienced the illusion, but eventually realized it was an illusion. A possible illusion is something we constantly experience, but Bouwsma used this to show that we have a conceptual understanding of what things are and can often differentiate what is an illusion; I don't entirely believe this is the case in our current world, due to conformity and attempts at validation, but that's just my opinion.