Justin, a boy who was raised in a dog cage until the age of five, suffered from similar neglect to that mentioned previously. Justin was kept in a dog crate and rarely interacted with his caregiver, who lacked the attachment bond necessary for his later development; his only attachment came from the dogs (). When it comes to the four factors that contribute to strengthening the attachment between a child and their caregiver, contemporary factors have played a role in this situation. Contemporary factors are influenced by an adult's abilities necessary to provide a strong and stable attachment (). Justin was left in the care of his grandmother, but when his grandmother died, he was left in the care of Grandma's boyfriend, Arthur. Arthur was an elderly man who had never had children and did not know how to raise a child. Other contemporary factors, such as the confidence and self-control needed to raise a child, impact the child's attachment development (). In Connor's case, he suffered from neglect from birth to 18 months (). Connor had been neglected at all stages of his development, limiting his ability to form a secure attachment and be able to rely on others for support and comfort. Connor was left alone all day, creating an inconsistent and unstable perspective on how