Hardy's novel Tess of D'Urberville is based on the tragedy of Tess's life. Throughout the novel, Tess goes through a lot of suffering. Traditionally, it was believed that the tragedy was caused by hamartia. Aristotle described hamartia as a flaw that leads to the protagonist's downfall caused by an error in a person's behavior. However, Tess is not flawed but she still suffers despite the fact that she has done nothing wrong. Hardy demonstrates that Tess is a woman in a patriarchal society which leads to her downfall. The name D'Urberville so dictates the lives of Tess and her family. The transformation of Durbeyfield into D'Urberville is very significant in the novel. Hardy's use of name change and constant moving from Durbeyfield to D'Urberville shows how important these names are in the novel. She is a Durbeyfield and although she does not want to continue D'Urberville's legacy, she believes in her aristocrat. However, Tess's father (John Durbeyfield) goes further. “Lay down luxuriously on the bank among the daisies.” He is desperate to adopt this name; even if I don't have the wealth to go with it. He insists that people call him "Sir John D'Urberville". John is a great example of how the D'Urberville name immediately affected Tess's family. Tess's fate with the D'Urberville name begins when Joan learns of the D'Urbervilles. “My plan is to send Tess to claim parents”, she wants Tess to marry Alec for wealth and not for love. Hardy's heroine can instantly sense what she believes to be right and wrong. Even though her family doesn't see it, she quickly understands why she was hesitant to listen to her mother claim her loved ones. From the beginning of the novel, Hardy seems to be aware of the f...... middle of paper ... simplicity that Hardy grew up loving. Hardy made Tess's character suffer, even though Tess's responses are inherently good, but it was society's lack of forgiveness that failed her. From the beginning, Hardy foreshadowed not only the events that caused tragedy in Tess's life, but also the effects of the Agricultural Revolution on Victorian society. He presents this through Tess's death just before her execution. Hardy describes the red brick building, this is significant as it is a strike against urbanization but also a reminder to readers of where Tess's destiny began, the red brick mansion that belonged to the D’Urbervilles. Hardy says that "went on" to symbolize that Tess has no more importance in the matter, especially not against those as powerful as the D'Urbervilles.