Global Expansion and Interaction by David Ringrose covers global history and civilization in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Global expansion between 1200 and 1700 provides a useful perspective on the world since 1950. (Pg.4) The theme presented in the book is world history from 1200 to 1700 and is presented in a cross-cultural and comparative manner. By examining the five major areas of conflict, from Imperial China to the Aztec and Inca Empires, it demonstrates how cultural, economic, and political areas of impact overlap and expand. By 1700, this chaotic expansion had created a world of cultural, religious, and commercial interdependence. (Pg.6) The author observes that by 1700 Europeans were effective throughout the world, but were not yet dominant in a few areas, and by 1700 their influence in the 19th century would have been difficult to anticipate . The concept of globalization is very recent but the term is present throughout history. Expansion, whether imperial or cultural, was hardly new in 1200 CE. (Pg.6) Globalization begins to gain great momentum from the industrial revolution in England, which was the most established country at that time. Great intellectuals established theories of international trade that have endured all this time because they are accurate and reliable. These theories are based on what is called the principle of comparative advantage. They argue that every country should focus on making more organized products than others. Globalization is a process on a social, technological, economic and societal scale, which involves increased communication and interdependence between the countries of the world by combining... ... middle of article ......ons .In conclusion, David R Ringrose stated in the book that political and military expansion is the most common way of presenting expansion in terms of the extension of political control. Expansion is defined as the enlargement of a person's territorial growth. The Mongol Empire also provided a framework for economic expansion. (page 8). Spain played an important role in the exploration of civilization, the Renaissance period of innovation and the era of world exploration. Spain and the Spanish Mongol Empire show how a series of independent societies became globally interdependent around 1700. The Mongol Empire did not last long compared to other empires, but it helped pave the way for the ground for a new phase in world history. (Pg.5) Works Cited Ringrose, David R. Expansion and Global Interaction, 1200-1700. New York: Longman, 2001. Print.