Dating back to the Ottoman Empire, tensions between the Kurds and the state were apparent. As the Republic of Turkey developed, a strong sense of nationalism pervaded the country, which led to the oppression of many non-Turkish elements of society. Through this oppression, we see attempts at Kurdish autonomy in the 1920s and 1930s with the eventual development of the PKK in 1978. With the first armed attack against Turkish soldiers in 1984, we see the problem accelerate and become more serious. The Kurdish problem has cost the lives of approximately 35,000 people, displaced even more, and created economic and political problems not only domestically, but also internationally. Becoming one of the most important security problems in Türkiye, attempts at peace have taken place several times, but so far they have not been successful. This essay attempts to address various aspects of the Kurdish problem; the domestic implications that the Kurdish problem has created, such as the political disarray that develops when discussing the creation of pro-Kurdish parties, their opposition and their inability to achieve any form of success in government. The “problem of terrorism”. The economic impact associated with the regions most closely linked to the Kurdish people. International implications regarding Turkey, its neighbors and the United States. Discussing Syria and Iraq is essential when addressing the Kurdish issue, as they add broader context to an issue that extends beyond the borders of several states. Furthermore, this essay will conclude with a discussion of attempts to resolve the decades-long dilemma, such as recent developments, expectations of both sides, and future prospects. Successive Turkish governments have been...... middle of paper. ...power with Kurdish nationalists, even at the local level.” (Tezcür, 2013) The main fear of a failure of the peace process is due to the Kurds' insistence on official status rather than democratic reforms, which would preserve Kurdish identity. As the world saw, once the PKK was able to take advantage of an opportunity such as crossing the border, the Turkish government did not hesitate to crack down on its political rivals. If the Kurdish movement does not set reasonable objectives, the process risks once again reaching a dead end. “Even though the entire society must play its role in the peace process, the most important role belongs to the negotiating parties, that is, the state and the Kurdish political movement. In particular, key players need to think about recalling society rather than themselves and their constituents. (Ensaroglu, 2013)