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  • Essay / Damage assessment: earthquake-resistant buildings

    a. Estimation of seismic damage of buildings considering the North Tehran fault scenario earthquake. Damage to residential buildings was calculated for the Niavaran fault scenario earthquake by JICA (2000). Recent updates of the JICA study (Karimi 2011) were used as input data for the analysis. In the study conducted by JICA (2000), commercial buildings and factories were not included in the analysis and the term "damaged buildings" implies that the buildings were heavily damaged or collapsed and that they were unsuitable for living without proper repair. Furthermore, the cause of the damage was limited to the seismic vibration itself. Damage caused by secondary disasters such as liquefaction, landslides, fires and explosions was not included in this calculation. The seismic resistance of buildings differs from region to region and from country to country. The relationship between seismic force and damage rate is not always the same, even if the building types are similar. The different construction methods are the main reason for these differences. Additionally, collecting the National Seismic Disaster Register and establishing a damage function based on local experiences appear to be important factors in damage estimation. In doing so, damage reports from the Ghir (Ambraseys et al. 1972), Tabas (Berberian 1979; Berberian et al. 1979), Golbaft (Adeli 1982) and Manjil (Tsukuda et al. 1990) earthquakes were adopted for the estimation of damages. by Karimi (2011). In the damage estimation process, it was assumed that major structures playing a key role in emergency and rescue operations (e.g. hospitals, fire stations, etc.) had been upgraded.b. Estimation of human losses considering the North Tehran fault ...... middle of document ...... travel ations Approximately 523 man-hours were spent on brainstorming sessions and 336 hours on brainstorming sessions NGT. The reason for employing the NGT in the The last step above was because the NGT uses a more structured format to obtain multiple contributions from several people on a particular problem or question and also because it prevents the domination of the discussion by a single person, encourages the more passive members of the group to participate and results in a set of prioritized solutions or recommendations (Sample 1984). We needed to take advantage of anonymous voting in the NGT and minimize the dominance of some participants over others in technical matters of the project by providing equal opportunities for participation in the NGT. Additionally, this method minimizes the communication noise usual in other team creativity techniques..