Before Chief Joseph led them on their journey, members of Looking Glass's band killed several white settlers ("Biography of Chief Joseph" NP). The leader knew the U.S. military would counter the attack and believed violence was inevitable. It was after this realization that they fled. During their journey of about 700 people (about 400 warriors), they had participated in many battles. The American press considered the chief to be the main war leader, when all he did was guard the women and children. With Chief Joseph's younger brother as war leader, the American army was defeated in the opening battle of the Nez Perce War. In fact, Chief Joseph achieved many sporadic victories during his expedition. However, they suffered many serious losses, including the death of Looking Glass. With about 40 miles to go, the Nez Perce were tired and too tired to continue the fight. Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, saying: “Listen to me, my leaders! I'm tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun is now, I will no longer shine forever. (“The surrender of