IntroductionThe global economy faces significant challenges - growing unemployment with little or no economic growth (GFmag.com, 2014). In this economic environment, the demand for employment of highly specialized knowledge is limited. The employment situation is even less optimistic, especially for those with doctorates, although obtaining such a degree usually requires a lot of time and effort. One factor is that the skills of “PhD students” are so specialized that they have difficulty applying for jobs outside of academia. In fact, even in the academic field, professorships are still very insufficient. It is now more than ever that doctoral students need to understand the situation and broaden their horizons from the laboratory to the market. A concept of "knowledge-based economy", proposed by (Foray and Lundvall, 1998), has been described as "An economy which derives its primary value from knowledge and knowledge management - a key objective of European Union strategy for sustainable growth and full employment." (European_Commission, 2013). In fact, before this concept was proposed, universities were no longer just the center of knowledge production and academy communities. Interaction between academia and industry has been established since the 1990s (Henry Etzkowitz, 1997; B. Martin & Etzkowitz, 2000; BR Martin, 2012). Universities play an increasingly important role in the development of innovation. And the understanding of the innovation process, as well as social progress, now goes beyond traditional linear models (Deakins and Freel, 2003). Innovation is described as an interacting systemic phenomenon, on which the cooperation of three institutional spheres... middle of article ...... promotes the commercialization of academic knowledge. Technovation, 26(4), 518-533. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.11.005Rasmussen, Einar, Mosey, Simon and Wright, Mike. (2014). The influence of university departments on the evolution of entrepreneurial skills in spin-off companies. Research Policy, 43(1), 92-106. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.06.007 Scott, W. Richard. (2008). Institutions and organizations: ideas and interests (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Slaughter, Sheila A. and Leslie, Larry L. (1999). Academic capitalism: politics, policies and the entrepreneurial university. Baltimore, Maryland; London: Johns Hopkins University Press.Triple_Helix_Conference. (2011). from http://www.triplehelixconference.org/th/11/WIPO. (2014). World Intellectual Property Organization. at http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/