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  • Essay / John Locke and Human Nature - 372

    In The Second Treatise of Government, Locke defines political power, discusses the inalienable birthrights of man, and the necessity of both in the formation of a legitimate government . The Treaty of Government defines a legitimate government in terms of the protection of inalienable rights. He considers that a valid government is one that respects its three main natural laws of life, liberty and property. In defining political power, Locke emphasizes that laws should be made "to regulate and preserve property", and adds that, if necessary, "the execution of such laws and the defense of the common wealth . sic] from a foreign injury. This is necessary “for the public good”. (Locke, Sec. III) Defined, Lockean political power is the ability to enforce a constitution. Locke's reasoning for creating a government stems from the need to protect life, liberty, and justice. Locke concludes that “the reason for which men enter into society is the preservation of their property; and the end why they choose and authorize a legislature,” but adds that citizens “have the right to regain their original liberty…by the establishment of a new legislature” (Locke, Sec. CCXXI) when these rights are threatened. The protection of life, liberty and justice then becomes the reason for “new legislation”. The value that Locke places on property is only accentuated in his analysis of the will of the population. Locke discusses in his chapter On the Beginning of Political Societies the effect that the majority has on improving the community: "For when a number of men have, with the consent of each individual, created a community, they thus created this community. one body, with the power to act as one body, which is only obtained by the will and determination of the majority” (Locke, Sec..