In economic theory, questions about the causes and mechanisms of discrimination are reviewed in the work of Ehrenberg and Smith (2000). These questions concern the personal preferences or biases of employers, workers themselves or consumers, who do not like interacting with workers of a certain gender; the statistical theory of discrimination, the essence of which is that the employer transfers the perceived characteristics of a group onto certain individuals and the theory of crowding and dual labor market, according to which biases in the labor market are caused by the desire to establish the monopoly of