Are organizations rational?IntroductionThere are two meanings of rationality. The first is formal rationality, which means doing things the right way, in the most rational way. The second is substantive rationality, which means doing the right, most rational things. This essay will illustrate the rationality of the organization by examining the management theories used by the organization. To do this, we will first give the definition of organization and the importance of management theories for the organization. Then, three types of management will be discussed, namely the traditional model, the human relations model and the human resources model. Finally, the essay will end with a conclusion. What is organization? A clear explanation of organization can be found in “Organization Strategy, Structure and Process” (1978). An organization is both a goal and a process for achieving that goal. For most organizations, regardless of their goals, adapting to changing environments is a dynamic process and the key to survival and expansion. To overcome the three main problems of organizational adaptation, namely entrepreneurial problem, engineering problem and administrative problem, different behavioral models are used by the organization, which are defender, prospector, analyzer and the reactor (Miles, Snow, Meyer and Coleman, 1978). Another meaning of organization is given by Zenger, Lazzarini and Poppo (2002). The organization can be immersed in the formal and the informal. Formal organization consists of official rules, written in documents or enforced through a formal position, that control the actions and behaviors of people. Informal organization is unofficial rules that are understood and accepted by people, but no...... middle of document ...... are not important and only the outcome and result should be taken into account, the example is scientific management. References: Daley, DM (1986). Humanistic management and organizational success: The effect of job and work environment characteristics on organizational effectiveness, public responsiveness, and job satisfaction. Public Personnel Management, 15(2). Melé, D. (2003). The challenge of humanist management. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(1), 77-88. Miles, RE, Snow, CC, Meyer, AD, & Coleman, HJ (1978). Organizational strategy, structure and processes. Academy of Management Review, 3(3), 546-562.Roberts, J. (1984). The moral character of management practice. Journal of Management Studies, 21(3), 287-302. Schein, E. H. (1990). “Organizational culture”. American Psychologist 45(2), p.109-119Taylor, F.W. (2013). Scientific management. Routledge.