Both authors believe that thinking critically before doing the work will set people up for success. Graff states, “……how to present an argument, evaluate different types of evidence, move from details to generalizations, summarize the views of others, and engage in conversation about ideas” (383). The author is trying to proclaim that to be a critical thinker we must be able to get all the information and analyze it very carefully. We should be able to determine what is right and what is wrong. Doing nothing will not make us critical thinkers, but thinking deeply and finding options will make us critical thinkers. Furthermore, Gldwell also argues Graff that to be a critical thinker, we must be able to find the most promising way to resolve perilous situations. Graff mentions, “But if you think there are still lunch counters that need to be integrated, this should give you pause” (327). The author tried to suggest that we should think about all aspects and try to find the best possible solution to a problem. From the text, Gladwell gives the example of four students who began to protest because they were not allowed to sit at the lunch counter. This can be used as an example of critical thinking because the four students refused to leave and decided to start a protest and later many people supported them. If they couldn't think critically, they wouldn't have come up with the plan or maybe they would have just left the lunch counter. Authors Gladwell and Graff believe that we must analyze things carefully to be critical.