Parkinson's DiseaseThe first scientist to discover Parkinson's disease (PD) was an English physician, James Parkinson. In 1847, Dr. Parkinson published an article entitled “Essay on Trembling Palsy” describing six cases of PD that he studied. (1) PD is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting approximately 1% of people over 65 years of age and is increasing in frequency. by age. Its symptoms are usually characterized by slow but progressive neurological and non-neurological disabilities such as tremors, memory problems, decreased sense of smell, rigidity, drooling and constipation. PD is also frequently associated with other psychiatric illnesses, e.g., depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Neurological manifestations of PD usually begin unilaterally; the most common is resting tremor which usually occurs in the hands before the feet. The hand did not move while walking, followed by the foot (on the same side) which began to rub the ground. Then, the posture becomes more bent and the steps shorter. The most common type of non-neurological manifestation is decreased sense of smell, an early symptom generally not recognized by patients. Other common signs include disruption of rapid eye movements (REM) during sleep. Patients while sleeping may also have abnormal involuntary movements such as kicking, hitting, and even screaming. There are other symptoms but they are less specific to PD such as constipation and lethargy. There are essentially 4 main symptoms, at least 2 of which must be detected in order to diagnose that a patient probably suffers from PD: (1)1 – Rest tremors: It generally begins unilaterally in the upper limbs with tremors of the thumb or fingers. It can then extend to the lower limbs or...... middle of paper ......tting.2 – Weakening of the sense of smell. l3 – Decreased memory and recall ability.4 – Excessive salivation and drooling, especially during sleep.5 – Fatigability and insomnia.6 – Depressed mood Medical history1 - 10 year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus - Benign prostatic hyperplasia for 7 years3 – An episode of type 22 diabetes mellitus - Benign prostatic hyperplasia for 7 years3 – An episode of type 22 diabetes mellitus 3 years ago.4 - Chronic constipation for more than 3 years.5 to 2 years history of depression.Social history1 – Non-smoker2 – 1 unit of alcohol every nightDrug history1 – Citalopram 10 mg/day (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agent) for his depression2 – Metformin 500 mg/3 per day (biguanide agent) for his diabetic disease3 – Tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day (alpha-blocking agent) for his benign prostatic hyperplasia