Groups, such as cliques, are formed with other children, most likely of the same gender, who can all identify with each other in some aspect. According to Patricia Adler in Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity Among Elementary School Boys and Girls, she states that “segregated gender cultures were observed as early as kindergarten” (p. 169). They observed both sexes in terms of popularity and the formation of these cliques and asked ordinary children (that is, they did not have popularity status) to comment on each factor that helped or diminished the “status” of boys and girls who are popular or more popular than them. In studying the factors that determined what would make a boy specifically popular in a school environment as opposed to what would make it popular for a girl, "Eder and Hallinan (1978) compared the structure of boys' and girls' friendship patterns and found that girls have more exclusive and dyadic relationships than boys, leading to their greater social skills, emotional intimacy, and ease of self-disclosure” (Adler, p. 170). The way children believe they should make friends or become known in a place like school is definitely due to gender role socialization. This is true because otherwise why would boys believe that it is okay to adopt behaviors and attitudes like harshness in order to gain status such as being alone