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  • Essay / Calculation of phase angle diversity for temporal variations...

    1. IntroductionThe number and variety of nonlinear devices and installations used by residential and commercial customers is continually increasing. This is why the effect of harmonics in the network is increasingly taken into account both in the planning and operation of distribution systems. This analysis is not always easy, because multiple factors influence the emission and propagation of harmonics through the network, such as network impedance, voltage distortion and temporal variation in the number and type of equipment connected. One of the key aspects of a realistic harmonic analysis is a correct representation of the summation of harmonic currents. The presence of different devices with different topologies at a connection point can cause a diversity of current harmonic phase angles and can subsequently lead to a vector sum amplitude lower than the arithmetic sum of the harmonic currents [1]. This is known as the diversity effect (or cancellation effect) and has a strong influence on the total harmonic distortion emitted by larger groups of nonlinear loads in the network. Different indices such as the summation exponent and the diversity factor exist to quantify the effect. Most articles that deal with the summation of harmonic currents only consider the effect of a few devices in a single instant or a perfect stable state of harmonics [e.g. [2-5]). If system, load and generation variation is taken into account, the problem becomes time-varying and additional statistical post-processing is required in order to calculate aggregate diversity indices. The parameters and methods used for post-processing can have a considerable impact on the calculated diversity index. Moreover, the accuracy of these indices also depends on the middle of the article......l (3) always covers the entire data set and is therefore also fixed for the study. In the case of an aggregation interval (1), three different cases were selected: No aggregation (10 period values), 1 min aggregation and 10 min aggregation. For harmonic angle aggregation, the vector sum of the corresponding currents within the aggregation interval was calculated and the angle resulting from this sum was used as the aggregate value. As the evaluation quantile (4), the impact of the 95th and 99th quantile is analyzed. Finally, different statistical calculation methods (5) can be applied to find these quantiles. In this study, the following two methods will be compared:• Method 1: and are calculated as quantiles based on the instantaneously calculated diversity factors and summation exponents.• Method 2: and are calculated based on the harmonic magnitudes and angle quantiles..