The process of natural selection is one of the most fundamental reasons for the evolution of a species, and the idea became widespread after Charles Darwin published his studies and observations of unusual organisms inhabiting the Galapagos Islands. . Darwin then postulated that the environment was incapable of supporting unlimited population growth of which individuals are biologically capable. Therefore, population numbers are controlled by the inability of all individuals to reproduce successfully. Organisms with an advantageous trait suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce successfully, passing on their genes to their offspring for that particular advantageous trait. As environments transform, the traits of the organisms most adapted to the previous environment and the allele frequencies of these traits also change. Individuals that exhibit traits more suited to the new environment will be more successful in reproducing fertile offspring and will make up a larger portion of the next generation. The range of species variation changes with each generation depending on...