Soil is the outermost layer of our planet. On average, most soils are about 1 meter thick. But where does the earth come from? The soil undergoes different processes to finally become “earth”. Weathering is the name given to the process by which rocks break down to form soil. There are several types of weathering processes that rocks undergo to form soil: physical, chemical and biological. During physical weathering, rocks are broken down into finer and finer particles by means of physical attributes, such as water or frost. When igneous rocks cool and begin to crack or fracture, water can flow through the cracks and break the rocks into smaller particles to create soil. In colder regions, ice can break rocks into finer particles. Or even ocean waves can pound rocks to create soil. In chemical weathering, rocks are broken apart through chemical attributes, such as acidification. Acid rain contains high levels of hydrogen ions, making the pH of the precipitation very acidic. During biological weathering, the effect of living organisms breaks down rocks into soil, similar to the effect of plant roots. The roots of growing plants can put stress or pressure on the rock to form soil. For example, the video showed lichens and ferns growing from igneous rocks, which can break down to create soil. The ground consists of distant layers of earth superimposed, parallel to the surface of the ground; These are called soil horizons. These horizons can be encountered by digging from surface to bedrock in this order: O, A, E, B, C and R. These horizons are identified based on their physical attributes, primarily by their color, structure, texture, particle size, as well as the medium of the paper......composition and weathering are much slower than if temperatures were warm. The four components of soil work together to provide optimal conditions for water, air and nutrients available for plant growth. Soil is made up of air, water, mineral particles, organic matter and organisms. Half of the soil is pore space. Typically, the pores are filled half with water and half with air, although the proportion varies greatly depending on weather conditions, plant water use, and soil texture. Most of the solid part of the soil is made up of mineral particles. Soil is essentially the reservoir of nutrients that plants need to survive. Dissolved minerals and water are absorbed by the plant's root system and are continually replenished from nutrient reserves contained in soil minerals and organic matter. Sometimes farmers can add nutrients, adding fertilizer one or more times a year..