Rydell's argument asserted that all organizers of the Exposition of 1893 complied with the deliberate dehumanization of Native Americans. However, Dorchester seemed sincere in his disgust at the organizers' exploitation of Native Americans. He spoke of the cannibal dance as part of the “degraded phases of old Indian life,” an ancient life that had to be described as distant and long forgotten. Unfortunately, this negative portrayal was the centerpiece of the Exhibition's amused and frightened storylines. Images of civility through industrialization that preceded images of ferocity through cannibal dancing disappeared as memories of horror filled the minds of Exposition visitors. Dorchester also condemned the Buffalo Bill Wild Indian Shows as a contradiction between the goal of assimilation and the government-sanctioned entertainment of Exposition visitors. According to Dorchester, reducing Native Americans for entertainment purposes overlooked the progress many Native Americans made in Indian schools. Rydell did not examine this perception among the Exposition organizers and only sought to prove that the organizers, like Dorchester, were complicit in presenting America's ascent toward industrialism, while only presenting the barbarity of the Native Americans. His argument did not go far enough to determine that among the organizers of the exhibitions, the feeling among the organizers put forward by Rydell was not entirely