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Essay / Postnatal language acquisition: the development of...
For an infant to benefit from postnatal exposure to language, the brain must have reached a certain level of maturity (Key, Lambert, Aschner and Maitre, 2012). The brain processes speech sounds in different areas of the brain depending on the gestational age of the infant; Those born prematurely (24 to 32 weeks) were shown to process speech sounds at frontal and temporal sites, while the brains of full-term infants (39 to 41 weeks) processed speech sounds at medial fronto-central sites (Key et al., 2012). Key et al. (2012), used consonant-vowel syllables and computer-synthesized electrodes to observe infants' brain activity while stimuli were played from 75 dB loudspeakers placed approximately 1 m from the infant's ears. Gestational and postnatal age, independently and jointly, were found to have a direct effect on sound discrimination in infants; However, vowel discrimination was not affected by gestational or postnatal age in the same way as consonant discrimination, because vowels are louder and longer, they are generally easier to understand.